![]() Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and free-market ideologies, world-systems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. It is also a subject taught in traditional Advanced Placement World History classes. When modernization increases within a society, the individual becomes increasingly important, eventually replacing the family or community as the fundamental unit of society. As Kendall (2007) notes, "Urbanization accompanied modernization and the rapid process of industrialization." In sociological critical theory, modernization is linked to an overarching process of rationalisation. Historians link modernization to the processes of urbanization and industrialization and the spread of education. ![]() modernization as a permanent process, carried out through reform and innovation, which today means a transition to a postindustrial society. Today, the concept of modernization is understood in three different meanings: 1) as the internal development of Western Europe and North America relating to the European New Era 2) as a process by which countries that do not belong to the first group of countries, aim to catch up with them 3) as processes of evolutionary development of the most modernized societies (Western Europe and North America), i.e. Authors such as Daniel Lerner explicitly equated modernization with Westernization. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that with assistance, "traditional" countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have been. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a "pre-modern" or " traditional" to a "modern" society. But the theory remains a controversial model. It made a comeback after 1991, when Francis Fukuyama wrote about the end of the Cold War as confirmation on modernization theory and more generally of universal history. Modernization theory was a dominant paradigm in the social sciences in the 1950s and 1960s, then went into a deep eclipse. The "classical" theories of modernization of the 1950s and 1960s drew on sociological analyses of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and a partial reading of Max Weber, and were strongly influenced by the writings of Harvard sociologist Talcott Parsons. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( November 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Confuses "modernity" and "modernization theory" in places. This article possibly contains original research.
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